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Waldisa Russio
Waldisa Rússio Camargo Guarnieri (5 September 1935 – 11 June 1990), was a professor and museologist, most known in Brazil simply as Waldisa Rússio. She became one of the most influential personalities in the development of theoretical Museology and contributed to the constitution of the disciplinary field of Museology in Brazil. From 1957 she worked as a federal employee of the State of São Paulo in different positions and particularly in management reforms. In 1959, she graduated in the Law school of the Universidade de São Paulo – USP (University of São Paulo) and started working with the management of cultural matters of the State. On the 1970s, she was involved with issues more directly related to museums.
== Academic career ==
Devoted to the cultural knowledge related to museums, Rússio introduced these matters to the academic field with her master (1977) and PhD (1980) degrees at the Escola Pós-Graduada da Fundação Escola de Sociologia e Política de São Paulo – FESP (Post-Graduate School of the Foundation School of Sociology and Politics of São Paulo). Waldisa Rússio starts, then, to develop a specific contribution to the capacity building in Museology from her experiences as Technical Assistant for the Cultural Area in the Government of the State of São Paulo and of the assessment of these experiences in the academic level.
Between the decades of 1960s and 1970s, she has coordinated several projects for the implantation of state museums in the country. Rússio has had an exponent role in the constitution of the first post-graduate course in Museology in the national territory, which became active in 1978 at FESP. Motivated by the ICOM () recommendations in the 1960s and 1970s, which predicted the specific training of professionals (“museologists”) in all levels, and, preferably, in the post-graduate level,〔GUARNIERI, Waldisa Rússio C. Formação profissional. In: BRUNO, Maria Cristina Oliveira (coord.). Waldisa Rússio Camargo Guarnieri: textos e contextos de uma trajetória profissional. São Paulo: Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo, v. 1, 2010, p. 228.〕 Waldisa Rússio has created the first Course of Museology of the state in 1978, as a specialization course, attached to the School of Social Sciences of São Paulo at FESP. The Course of Museology benefited from the structure and pedagogy of that School, and particularly of its interdisciplinary method.〔Id. Formação do museólogo: por que em nível de pós-graduação? In: BRUNO, Maria Cristina Oliveira (Coord.). Waldisa Rússio Camargo Guarnieri: textos e contextos de uma trajetória profissional. São Paulo: Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo, v.1, 2010, p. 234.〕 Waldisa Rússio justified the course by affirming the importance to consider the fact that the study of museums and Museology demands an interdisciplinary character, which makes it only “viable and practicable in the post-graduate level, when students are already in the domain of another discipline in which they were ‘formed’”.〔GUARNIERI, Op. cit., p. 234.〕 Nevertheless, the course would stay active until 1992, without the constitution of a master degree in Museology, thanks to the reformulation of the internal structure of FESP, which would be organized in institutes and no longer prioritizing interdisciplinary approaches. This would leave Museology as defended by Rússio in the background.〔BRULON SOARES, B. C.; DE CARVALHO, Luciana Menezes; CRUZ, H. V.. O nascimento da Museologia: confluências e tendências do campo museológico no Brasil. In: MAGALHÃES, Aline Montenegro; BEZERRA, Rafael Zamorano. (Org.). 90 anos do Museu Histórico Nacional em debate (1922-2012). 1ed. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Histórico Nacional, 2014, p. 244-262.〕
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